Type I - Borosilicate Glass Vials
Composition: Made from borosilicate glass, which is highly resistant to thermal shock and chemical interaction.
Uses: Ideal for storing sensitive drugs, including biologics, as they do not react with the contents and maintain the stability of the medication over time.
Properties: Has a high degree of hydrolytic resistance, meaning it does not easily degrade or leach substances into the drug solution.
Applications: Widely used for vaccines, serums, and other medications that require a high degree of purity and stability.
Type II - Treated Soda Lime Glass Vials
Composition: Made from soda-lime glass that has been treated to improve its chemical resistance.
Uses: Suitable for less sensitive pharmaceuticals and where the interaction between the glass and its contents is not a critical concern.
Properties: Offers moderate resistance to thermal shock and chemicals. The surface treatment helps to reduce the leaching of alkali ions.
Applications: Commonly used for oral and less sensitive injectable drugs.
Type III - Soda Lime Glass Vials
Composition: Made from regular soda-lime glass without any additional surface treatment.
Uses: Appropriate for packaging non-sensitive products and compounds that do not react with the glass.
Properties: Has the least resistance to thermal shock and chemicals among the three types. More prone to leaching, especially in an aqueous solution.
Applications: Often used for non-parenteral products like powders and capsules.
General Considerations:
Sterilization: All types can be sterilized using standard pharmaceutical processes.
Regulatory Compliance: The choice of vial type depends on regulatory requirements, especially for drugs that require specific stability and purity conditions.
Cost and Availability: The cost and availability vary, with Type I being generally more expensive due to its superior properties.
Type I (Borosilicate Glass) | Type II (Treated Soda Lime Glass) | Type III (Soda Lime Glass) |
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Chemical Composition | Borosilicate glass | Treated soda-lime glass | Soda-lime glass |
Hydrolytic Resistance | High | Moderate | Low |
Thermal Shock Resistance | High | Moderate | Low |
Chemical Interaction | Minimal | Low to moderate | Moderate to high |
Typical Applications | Sensitive drugs, biologics | Less sensitive injectables | Non-parenteral products |
UV Protection | Yes (if amber-colored) | Varies | Varies |
Cost | Higher | Moderate | Lower |
Primary Use Cases | Vaccines, high-purity drugs | Oral medications, some injectables | Powders, capsules |